I. Qhov Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm 316 thiab 316L
Ob leeg316 thiab 316Lbelongs rau tsev neeg austenitic stainless hlau, nrog lawv cov thawj qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon. Cov kev sib txawv yog tshuaj xyuas hauv kev nthuav dav hauv qab no.
Dab tsi yog 316 Stainless Hlau?
316 stainless hlau muaj kwv yees li 16-18% chromium, 10-14% npib tsib xee, 2-3% molybdenum, thiab siab kawg ntawm 0.08% carbon. Piv rau 304 stainless hlau, uas tsuas muaj 8-10.5% npib tsib xee, ntau dua nickel thiab molybdenum cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv 316 muab superior corrosion kuj.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm316 stainless hlausuav nrog:
Zoo heev Corrosion Resistance:Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum txhim kho nws cov kev tiv thaiv rau chlorides thiab lwm yam tshuaj piv rau 304.
Siab zog:
Cov nickel thiab molybdenum cov ntsiab lus ua rau cov hlau muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm ntev.
Thaum 316 stainless hlau muaj qhov zoo tag nrho corrosion kuj, nws tseem raug rau corrosion nyob rau hauv huab ib puag ncig, xws li cov uas muaj zog acids los yog ntev raug rau brine. Nws cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj ua rau tus nqi siab dua piv rau lwm qib.
316L Stainless hlau yog dab tsi?
316L stainless hlau muaj ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav luag zoo tib yam rau 316, muaj 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, thiab 2-3% molybdenum. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nws cov ntsiab lus qis tshaj plaws ntawm 0.03%, piv rau 0.08% rau 316.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm316L stainless hlausuav nrog:
High Corrosion Resistance:Piv rau 316. Cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg tsis ua rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Tsawg zog me ntsis, Superior Workability:Cov pa roj carbon tsawg tsawg ua rau nws yooj yim rau tshuab, khoov, vuam, thiab tsim.
316L muaj qhov zoo ntawm formability thaum lub sij hawm fabrication thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion. Nws yog feem ntau tsim nyog tshaj 316 rau daim ntawv thov uas muaj vuam los yog complex forming.
| Yam ntxwv | 316 | 316L (Cov pa roj carbon tsawg) |
|---|---|---|
| Cov ntsiab lus carbon (C) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08% | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03% (tswj) |
| Sensitization Risk | Siab dua (yuav ua rau chromium carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam lossis raug rau 450-850 degree) | Tsawg heev (suppresses carbide nag lossis daus) |
| Intergranular Corrosion | Muaj feem ntau hauv cov cheeb tsam weld | Weld cheeb tsam corrosion kuj zoo ib yam nrog lub hauv paus hlau |
Qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.08% hauv 316 ua rau nws raug chromium carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam lossis raug rau hauv 450-850℃ntau yam. Qhov no ua rau tsim cov chromium- thaj chaw depleted, inducing intergranular corrosion. 316L, nrog nws nruj me ntsis tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm rhiab heev, tswj cov corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv lub vuam kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ).
II. Mechanical Properties & Temperature Applicability
316 feem ntau pom muaj zog tensile ntau dua, lub zog tawm los, thiab tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab piv rau 316L.
Thaum 316L muaj zog me ntsis, nws cov ductility piv tau; qhov no tuaj yeem raug them nyiaj rau hauv engineering tsim los ntawm kev nce thickness los yog hla -sectional cheeb tsam.
Rau kev ua haujlwm siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev pabcuam raws li kev txwv tsis pub nkag, 316/316H yog qhov nyiam. Rau welded daim ntaub ntawv uas muaj thermal cycling nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kub ntau yam, 316L yog thawj xaiv.
| Khoom | 316 | 316L |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile zog | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 515 MPa | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 485 MPa |
| Yield zog | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 205 MPa | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 170 MPa |
| Elongation | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40% | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40% |
| Hardness (HB) | Kwv yees li . 150–200 | Kwv yees li . 140–180 |
| Machinability/Formability | Zoo | Zoo dua (tsawg carbon, superior ductility) |
| Weldability | Weldable | Zoo dua (txo qis rau rhiab heev thiab tawg) |
III. Qhov cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv khoom siv
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom ntub dej, txuas cov kav dej / valve, ntsuas cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov vaj tsev. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog qhov nruab nrab, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, vuam qhov xav tau, thiab kev huv.
Wetted Parts(thermowells, sampling probes, wetted parts of flow/pressure/level sensors):
Rau me me corrosive rau nruab nrab chloride ib puag ncig, ua ntej 316L kom tsis txhob muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv thaj chaw weld.
Rau ib puag ncig uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv chlorides, hypochlorites, dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv stagnant tej yam kev mob, los yog nrog ib tug siab Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN), muab qhov tseem ceeb rau duplex steels (xws li, 2205/2507) los yog 6% Molybdenum super austenitics (xws li, 904L). Rau kev pabcuam hnyav, xav txog cov khoom siv nickel xws li C-276 lossis titanium.
Instrumentation Tubing, Valves, thiab Manifolds(Impulse raj, fittings, koob li qub, qhov cua li qub, 3/5-valve manifolds):
Nyiam 316L rau sab nraum zoov ntug hiav txwv dej thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
Rau siab chloride / dej hiav txwv raug, tsis tshua muaj ntws, los yog tseem ceeb crevice tej yam kev mob, soj ntsuam siv duplex los yog 6Mo alloy tubing thiab li qub.
Tswj kev sib dhos ua ntej kom tsis txhob crevice corrosion thiab stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
Instrument Housings thiab Junction Boxes:
304 yog siv tau rau sab hauv tsev, ib puag ncig qhuav.
316L raug pom zoo rau cov ntug hiav txwv dej, cov kua qaub, thiab cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev kom txhim kho lub sij hawm ntev - lub sij hawm zoo li thiab lub neej foob.
Rau abrasive, xuab zeb / plua plav, lossis qhov chaw siab UV, siv cov txheej txheej ntxiv lossis electropolishing.
Daim ntawv thov huv thiab huv(Tshuaj / Khoom noj / CIP / SIP):
Nyiam 316L rau qhov chaw ntub dej thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings. Ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem sab hauv electropolishing thiab passivation kom ua tau raws li kev ntxhib los mos thiab kev huv huv raws li cov qauv zoo li ASME BPE.
Cryogenic thiab Deep Cold Service:
Ob leeg 316/316L muab qhov zoo qis- kub toughness; 316L yog qhov zoo dua los xyuas kom meej qhov sib xws hauv cov ntu welded.
Xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm qis -kub embrittlement thiab compatibility ntawm sealing cov ntaub ntawv.
Oxygen Service, Siab -Purity, thiab Strong Oxidizing Media:
Tswj nruj kom huv si thiab xyuas kom muaj roj- kho dawb.
316L ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv hauv qab cov khoom siv, tab sis kom muaj zog oxidizing / halogen-muaj cov xov xwm, hloov mus rau npib tsib xee-raws li alloys lossis titanium.
IV. Standards thiab Certifications
US Standard:316L=UNS S31603 / ASTM A276
European Standard:316L=1.4404 / EN 10088-3
Japanese Standard:316L=SUS 316L
Xaus:
Kev xaiv ntawm316 thiab 316Lyuav tsum ua raws li kev soj ntsuam tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem nruab nrab, qhov kub thiab txias, siab, vuam qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab kev tswj xyuas lub tswv yim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab nqi -kev ua tau zoo.
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